AMATEUR OBSERVATION NETWORK                                                                             
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
I.  INTRODUCTION                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
          Amateur observations of periodic Comet Giacobini-Zinner commenced with                                                  
the visual recovery of the comet by C.S. Morris and S.J. Edberg on 1985 April 13                                                  
and ended with A.F. Jones' observation on 1985 December 10.  Within that period                                                   
1016 magnitude and related visual estimates were made.  Fifty-three drawings are                                                  
are listed spanning June-October and 20 photographs spanning July-September.                                                      
Observations by 106 amateur astronomers were used in the archive.                                                                 
                                                                                                                                  
          The observations, compiled by the Discipline Specialist Team (Table                                                     
I), can be grouped into three distinct categories:                                                                                
                                                                                                                                  
          (1) Visual-appearance descriptions.                                                                                     
          (2) Drawings.                                                                                                           
          (3) Photographs.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                  
          Because of the subjective nature of the visual-appearance observations                                                  
there is diversity in the type and quality of information recorded in the ar-                                                     
chive.  When a range of values was given by the observer, the more conservative                                                   
value was entered, i.e. a shorter tail, more diffuse condensation, smaller coma,                                                  
and fainter magnitude.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                  
          Drawings present the visual aspect of a comet.  To be included in the                                                   
archive a rendering must reproduce the detail discernible by the observer and                                                     
must provide information useful to the archive user.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                  
          All the photographic images listed are on file and were examined for                                                    
quality before inclusion in the archive.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Table I.  Discipline Specialist Team of the Amateur Network                                                                       
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Team Member         Affiliation                        Responsibility                                                             
________________________________________________________________________________                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Stephen J. Edberg   Earth & Space Sciences Division    Discipline Specialist &                                                    
                    Jet Propulsion Laboratory            Coordinator for Amateur                                                  
                    California Institute of Technology   Observations                                                             
                    Pasadena, CA 91109                                                                                            
                    U.S.A.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                  
Charles S. Morris   Telecommunications Science &       Associate Discipline                                                       
                      Engineering Division               Specialist                                                               
                    Jet Propulsion Laboratory                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                  
Warren Morrison     American Association of Variable   Data Recorder                                                              
                      Star Observers (AAVSO)                                                                                      
                    Cambridge, MA 02138                                                                                           
                    U.S.A.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                  
Thomas R. Williams  AAVSO                              Data Recorder                                                              
                                                                                                                                  
Michael J. Weiner   Earth and Space Sciences Division  Data Reduction Assistant                                                   
                    Jet Propulsion Laboratory            1985-86                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Mary L. Firth       Earth and Space Sciences Division  Data Reduction Assistant                                                   
                    Jet Propulsion Laboratory            1986-88                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Elizabeth La Vite   Earth and Space Sciences Division  Data Reduction Assistant                                                   
                    Jet Propulsion Laboratory            1988-89                                                                  
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II.  PRINTED ARCHIVE                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                  
    The format of the printed archive is described in Table II.                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Table II.  Description of Printed Archive                                                                                         
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Heading       Description                                                                                                         
________________________________________________________________________________                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
              ALL TYPES OF DATA                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Date(UT)      Decimal date of the time of observation.   For photographs this is                                                  
              the middle of the exposure.  Trailing zeroes are often mere                                                         
              space-fillers.                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                  
AON#          Amateur observation network number, a unique reference number                                                       
              assigned to each observation.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                  
              VISUAL APPEARANCE                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
m1            Total magnitude of the comet.  A colon indicates that the given                                                     
              magnitude has lower than usual precision.  A > indicates that the                                                   
              comet was fainter than the given magnitude.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                  
MM            The magnitude estimation method was one of four types:                                                              
                                                                                                                                  
              B  -  Bobrovnikoff method                                                                                           
              S  -  Sidgwick or In-Out method                                                                                     
              M  -  Morris method                                                                                                 
              V  -  In focus telescopic (as with variable stars) or naked eye                                                     
                    estimates (made with or without defocusing using corrective                                                   
                    eyeglasses).                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
              See Edberg (1983) for details of the first three methods.  A                                                        
              question mark indicates an unknown method.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Chart         Source(s) of comparison star magnitudes:                                                                            
                                                                                                                                  
              (number < 179)  Specific chart with V and/or visual magnitudes in                                                   
                   the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO)                                                    
                   Variable Star Atlas (Scovil 1980).                                                                             
                                                                                                                                  
              (variable star designation)  Variable star comparison chart pub-                                                    
                   lished by AAVSO, British Astronomical Association (Tirion                                                      
                   1981), or Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand (RASNZ),                                                   
                   or AAVSO charts with V magnitudes (specially checked by R.H.                                                   
                   Stanton, private communication).  The latter were distributed                                                  
                   by the IHW.  A letter following the variable star designation                                                  
                   identifies the specific chart used.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                  
              (numbers)  Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) Catalog                                                      
                   (S.A.O. Staff 1966) star number, or another catalog's number.                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
              AA   Chart from the AAVSO Variable Star Atlas (Scovil 1980).                                                        
                                                                                                                                  
              AAVSO  Unspecified AAVSO source.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
              CZ   List of white (B-V < 0.5) stars selected by J. Hollan of                                                       
                   Copernicus Observatory & Planetarium, Brno, Czechoslovakia                                                     
                   (private communication).                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                  
              E    Atlas Eclipticalis (Becvar 1958).                                                                              
                                                                                                                                  
              LNES  Lampkin's (1972) Naked Eye Stars.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                  
              M    Stellar Atlas by Mikhaylov (1975) using Henry Draper Catalog                                                   
                   (HD) magnitudes.                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                  
              NPS  North Polar Sequence, published by the AAVSO.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
              RASNZ  Unspecified RASNZ source.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
              SA   Selected area (Everhart 1984), either numbered or                                                              
                   unspecified.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
              SAO  Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory source.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
              SC 2000   Unspecified stars from Sky Catalog 2000.0 (Hirshfeld and                                                  
                   Sinnott 1982).                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                  
              USNOC  United States Naval Observatory Photoelectric Catalog                                                        
                   (Blanco et al. 1968).                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                  
              Occasionally, combinations of sources are listed, e.g., SA47SAO,                                                    
              SPER 16, AA NPS, AACZORI, etc.  Additional sources were used by a                                                   
              small number of observers for which little or no information was                                                    
              supplied.                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                  
Coma size     Coma diameter [arcmin].  For an elliptical coma the major and                                                       
              minor axes are given.                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                  
DC            Degree of condensation, a qualitative measure of the brightness                                                     
              profile across the coma.  Values from 0 to 9 indicate increasing                                                    
              degrees of condensation from diffuse to stellar.  See Edberg                                                        
              (1983) for details.                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                  
Tail          Length of a tail [deg].  In the printed version additional tails                                                    
              are listed as notes.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                  
PA            Position angle [deg] measured north through east. In the printed                                                    
              version additional tails (and fans) are listed as notes.                                                            
                                                                                                                                  
              DRAWINGS                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                  
Scale         Scale in minutes of arc per millimeter.  Drawings lacking a scale                                                   
              are sometimes included.                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                  
              VISUAL APPEARANCE AND DRAWINGS                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                  
Ap, Ins, f/,  Aperture size [m], type of instrument (see below), focal ratio,                                                     
  Pwr(s)      and magnification(s).                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                  
              Type of instrument:                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                  
              B  -  Binoculars                                                                                                    
              C  -  Cassegrainian                                                                                                 
              EY -  Naked eye                                                                                                     
              JB -  Jones-Bird                                                                                                    
              M  -  Maksutov                                                                                                      
              N  -  Newtonian                                                                                                     
              R  -  Refractor                                                                                                     
              SC -  Schmidt-Cassegrainian                                                                                         
              SN -  Schmidt-Newtonian                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                  
              The Jones-Bird design is described by Jones (1957) and by Bird and                                                  
              Bowen (1979).                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                  
              On a few occasions the stated telescope characteristics do not                                                      
              seem to match the telescope type listed, both as supplied by the                                                    
              observer.  In the case of fast Schmidt-Cassegrainians an                                                            
              auxiliary positive lens was probably used as a telecompressor                                                       
              (focal reducer) and a rather fast Cassegrainian (f/10) is                                                           
              probably a Schmidt-Cassegrainian.                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
              DRAWINGS (continued)                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                  
DurM          Time (min) spent to execute the drawing.                                                                            
                                                                                                                                  
              VISUAL APPEARANCE AND DRAWINGS (continued)                                                                          
                                                                                                                                  
Lim           Limiting magnitude of stars visible to the naked eye.  The letters                                                  
              C, M, T, or Z refer, respectively, to city lights, moonlight,                                                       
              twilight, or zodiacal light interfering with the observation.                                                       
                                                                                                                                  
              PHOTOGRAPHY                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                  
FL, f/, Ap    Instrument focal length [m], focal ratio, and aperture [m].                                                         
              Listed are the effective focal length and effective focal ratio                                                     
              used.  A note follows giving the nominal characteristics of the                                                     
              instrument if auxiliary optics were used in making the image.                                                       
                                                                                                                                  
FOV           Computed field of view for a 24 x 36 mm frame.  Larger format                                                       
              emulsions are identified in the notes.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                  
ExpM          Exposure time [min].                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                  
Emulsion      Type of emulsion.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
ISO           ASA/DIN speed of the emulsion.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                  
Hyp           "Y" indicates a hypersensitized emulsion, "C" stands for an                                                         
              exposure with a cooled-emulsion camera;  otherwise an "N".                                                          
                                                                                                                                  
Gdng          Type of guiding (methods explained in Edberg 1983):                                                                 
                                                                                                                                  
              C - computed offsets to telescope drive                                                                             
              M - by micrometer                                                                                                   
              O - cross hairs on central condensation                                                                             
              S - sidereal-rate drive or guiding on a star                                                                        
              T - cross hairs tangent to coma                                                                                     
              X - cross hairs on a coma with no condensation                                                                      
                                                                                                                                  
Id/Typ        IHW- or observer-assigned number and type of image on file:                                                         
                                                                                                                                  
              C - contact print                                                                                                   
              N - negative                                                                                                        
              P - enlarged print                                                                                                  
              S - slide                                                                                                           
              T - transparency                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
              VISUAL APPEARANCE (continued)                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                  
DA            The observer's dark adaptation (Y = yes, N = no).  A few observers                                                  
              gave the time spent dark adapting;  times greater than or equal to                                                  
              10 minutes were assigned a Y, shorter times an N.                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
              ALL TYPES OF DATA (continued)                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                  
Site          Observing site identification number (cf. Sec. IV).                                                                 
                                                                                                                                  
Observer(s)   Name(s) of observer(s).  Additional observers are indicated in                                                      
              notes.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                  
Notes         Comments, if any.                                                                                                   
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III.  FITS KEYWORDS IN THE DIGITAL ARCHIVE                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                  
          The FITS keywords include both the FITS standards and the table exten-                                                  
sion option.  They are described separately in Tables III-VI.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Table III.  Keywords for All Types of Data                                                                                        
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Keyword                          Description                                                                                      
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SIMPLE  =                    T / THIS IS A FITS FILE                                                                              
BITPIX  =                    8 / BITS PER PIXEL                                                                                   
NAXIS   =                    0 / NO IMAGE DATA ARRAY PRESENT                                                                      
EXTEND  =                    T / THERE MAY BE STANDARD EXTENSIONS                                                                 
                                                                                                                                  
OBJECT  = 'ooo...oo'           / NAME OF OBJECT                                                                                   
FILE-NUM=               8nnnnn / UNIQUE FILE IDENTIFICATION NO.                                                                   
DATE-OBS= 'dd/mm/yy'           / DATE OF MIDDLE OF OBSERVATION (UT)                                                               
TIME-OBS=               .ttttt / TIME OF MIDDLE OF OBSERVATION (UT)                                                               
DATE-REL= 'dd/mm/yy'           / DATE OF PUBLIC RELEASE                                                                           
DISCIPLN= 'AMATEUR '           / IHW DISCIPLINE                                                                                   
LONG-OBS= 'ddd/mm/ss'          / EAST LONGITUDE OF OBSERVING SITE                                                                 
LAT--OBS= 'sdd/mm/ss'          / LATITUDE OF OBSERVING SITE                                                                       
SYSTEM  = '8nnnttii'           / OBSERVING SYSTEM CODE                                                                            
OBSERVER= 'ooo...oo'           / NAME OF OBSERVER                                                                                 
SUBMITTR= 'sss...ss'           / NAME OF SUBMITTER OF DATA                                                                        
SPEC-EVT=                    s / SPECIAL EVENT FLAG                                                                               
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Table IV.  Keywords for Visual Appearance Descriptions                                                                            
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Keyword                          Description                                                                                      
________________________________________________________________________________                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
DAT-FORM= 'ASCII   '           / FORM OF DATA                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                  
DAT-TYPE= 'VISUAL MAG. EST.'   / TYPE OF DATA                                                                                     
ELEV-OBS=                 eeee / ELEVATION OF OBSERVING SITE (METER)                                                              
INSTRUME= 'iii...ii'           / TYPE OF INSTRUMENT USED                                                                          
APERTURE=                a.aaa / APERTURE SIZE (METER)                                                                            
FRATIO  =                 ff.f / FOCAL RATIO                                                                                      
POWER   =                  ppp / MAGNIFICATION                                                                                    
ORIGIN  = 'JET PROPULSION LAB' / TAPE WRITING INSTITUTION                                                                         
COMMENT ccc...cc                                                                                                                  
    :                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                  
END                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                  
XTENSION= 'TABLE   '           / TABLE EXTENSION                                                                                  
BITPIX  =                    8 / BITS PER PIXEL                                                                                   
NAXIS   =                    2 / 2-D MATRIX                                                                                       
NAXIS1  =                   71 / NO. OF CHARACTERS PER ROW                                                                        
NAXIS2  =                    1 / NO. OF ROWS                                                                                      
PCOUNT  =                    0 / NO RANDOM PARAMETERS                                                                             
GCOUNT  =                    1 / ONLY ONE GROUP                                                                                   
TFIELDS =                   16 / NO. OF FIELDS PER ROW                                                                            
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE1  = 'MAG. EST. METHOD'   / VALUES: B=BOBROVNIKOFF, M=MORRIS, S=SIDGWICK                                                     
TBCOL1  =                    1 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM1  = 'A1      '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TNULL1  = '?       '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE2  = 'COMA MAGNITUDE'     / TOTAL MAGNITUDE    (GIVEN AS ALPHANUMERIC                                                        
TBCOL2  =                    3 / STARTING COLUMN     STRING, SINCE 1ST COL. CAN                                                   
TFORM2  = 'A5      '           / FORMAT              BE > SIGN, WHICH IMPLIES                                                     
TNULL2  = '-99.0   '           / MISSING VALUE       UPPER LIMIT)                                                                 
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE3  = 'MAGNITUDE COMMENT'  / INDICATES UNCERTAINTY IF VALUE IS : OR ?                                                         
TBCOL3  =                    8 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM3  = 'A1      '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TNULL3  = '        '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE4  = 'CHART NO.'          / USED FOR COMPARISON STARS  (SEE PRINTED CROMME-                                                  
TBCOL4  =                   10 / STARTING COLUMN             LIN ARCHIVE OR                                                       
TFORM4  = 'A7      '           / FORMAT                      INT'L. COMET QTRLY.                                                  
TNULL4  = '        '           / MISSING VALUE               FOR EXPLANATION)                                                     
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE5  = 'COMA DIAMETER 1'    / CIRCULAR COMA DIAM. (OR MAJOR AXIS, ELLIPTICAL                                                   
TBCOL5  =                   18 / STARTING COLUMN                           COMA)                                                  
TFORM5  = 'E5.1    '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TUNIT5  = 'ARCMIN. '           / UNIT                                                                                             
TNULL5  = '-99.0   '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE6  = 'COMA DIAMETER 2'    / MINOR AXIS, ELLIPTICAL COMA                                                                      
TBCOL6  =                   24 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM6  = 'E5.1    '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TUNIT6  = 'ARCMIN. '           / UNIT                                                                                             
TNULL6  = '-99.0   '           / MISSING VALUE (OR CIRCULAR COMA)                                                                 
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE7  = 'DEGREE OF COND.'    / DEGREE OF CONDENSATION                                                                           
TBCOL7  =                   30 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM7  = 'I1      '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TNULL7  = '        '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE8  = 'LENGTH OF TAIL 1'   / TAIL LENGTH (1ST TAIL)                                                                           
TBCOL8  =                   32 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM8  = 'E5.2    '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TUNIT8  = 'DEGREE  '           / UNIT                                                                                             
TNULL8  = '-9.00   '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE9  = 'P.A. OF TAIL 1'     / POSITION ANGLE OF TAIL (1ST TAIL)                                                                
TBCOL9  =                   38 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM9  = 'I3      '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TUNIT9  = 'DEGREE  '           / UNIT                                                                                             
TNULL9  = '-99     '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE10 = 'LENGTH OF TAIL 2'   / TAIL LENGTH (2ND TAIL, IF SEEN)                                                                  
TBCOL10 =                   42 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM10 = 'E5.2    '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TUNIT10 = 'DEGREE  '           / UNIT                                                                                             
TNULL10 = '-9.00   '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE11 = 'P.A. OF TAIL 2'     / POSITION ANGLE OF TAIL (2ND TAIL, IF SEEN)                                                       
TBCOL11 =                   48 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM11 = 'I3      '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TUNIT11 = 'DEGREE  '           / UNIT                                                                                             
TNULL11 = '-99     '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE12 = 'LENGTH OF TAIL 3'   / TAIL LENGTH (3RD TAIL, IF SEEN)                                                                  
TBCOL12 =                   52 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM12 = 'E5.2    '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TUNIT12 = 'DEGREE  '           / UNIT                                                                                             
TNULL12 = '-9.00   '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE13 = 'P.A. OF TAIL 3'     / POSITION ANGLE OF TAIL (3RD TAIL, IF SEEN)                                                       
TBCOL13 =                   58 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM13 = 'I3      '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TUNIT13 = 'DEGREE  '           / UNIT                                                                                             
TNULL13 = '-99     '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE14 = 'LIMITING MAG.'      / MAGNITUDE OF FAINTEST STAR VISIBLE TO NAKED EYE                                                  
TBCOL14 =                   62 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM14 = 'E4.1    '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TNULL14 = '-9.0    '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE15 = 'SKY INTERFERENCE'   / LIGHT INTERFERING WITH OBSERVATION                                                               
TBCOL15 =                   66 / STARTING COLUMN  (C=CITY LIGHTS, M=MOONLIGHT,                                                    
TFORM15 = 'A4      '           / FORMAT            T=TWILIGHT, Z=ZODIACAL LIGHT)                                                  
TNULL15 = '        '           / MISSING VALUE (NO INTERFERENCE)                                                                  
COMMENT VALUE EQUAL TO : IMPLIES UNCERTAINTY IN FAINTEST STAR MAG.                                                                
                                                                                                                                  
TTYPE16 = 'DARK ADAPTED'       / WAS OBSERVER DARK ADAPTED? (Y=YES, N=NO)                                                         
TBCOL16 =                   71 / STARTING COLUMN                                                                                  
TFORM16 = 'A1      '           / FORMAT                                                                                           
TNULL16 = '        '           / MISSING VALUE                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
END                                                                                                                               
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Table V.  Keywords for Drawings                                                                                                   
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Keyword                          Description                                                                                      
________________________________________________________________________________                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
DAT-FORM= 'NODATA  '           / FORM OF DATA (NO DATA RECORDS)                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
DAT-TYPE= 'DRAWING '           / TYPE OF DATA                                                                                     
ELEV-OBS=                 eeee / ELEVATION OF OBSERVING SITE (METER)                                                              
INSTRUME= 'iii...ii'           / TYPE OF INSTRUMENT USED                                                                          
APERTURE=                a.aaa / APERTURE SIZE (METER)                                                                            
FRATIO  =                 ff.f / FOCAL RATIO                                                                                      
N-POWER =                    n / NO. OF MAGNIFICATIONS USED                                                                       
POWER   =                  ppp / MAGNIFICATION                                                                                    
    :                                                                                                                             
MAG-LIM =                  m.m / MAGNITUDE OF FAINTEST STAR VISIBLE TO NAKED EYE                                                  
PLTSCALE=                ppp.p / PLATE (DRAWING) SCALE (ARCSEC/MM)                                                                
DURATION=                  ddd / TIME FOR MAKING DRAWING (SECOND)                                                                 
ORIGIN  = 'JET PROPULSION LAB' / TAPE WRITING INSTITUTION                                                                         
COMMENT ccc...cc                                                                                                                  
    :                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                  
END                                                                                                                               
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Table VI.  Keywords for Photographs                                                                                               
________________________________________________________________________________                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Keyword                          Description                                                                                      
________________________________________________________________________________                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
DAT-FORM= 'NODATA  '           / FORM OF DATA (NO DATA RECORDS)                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
DAT-TYPE= 'PHOTOGRAPH'         / TYPE OF DATA                                                                                     
ELEV-OBS=                 eeee / ELEVATION OF OBSERVING SITE (METER)                                                              
PRNCPLFL=                p.ppp / PRIMARY, UNMODIFIED INSTR. FOCAL LENGTH (METER)                                                  
TELEFL  =                t.ttt / EFFECTIVE FOCAL LENGTH (METER)                                                                   
APERTURE=                a.aaa / APERTURE SIZE (METER)                                                                            
FRATIO  =                 ff.f / FOCAL RATIO                                                                                      
FOVLENGT=                 ff.f / COMPUTED FOV ASSUMING 135 FORMAT (DEGREE)                                                        
FOVWIDTH=                 ff.f / COMPUTED FOV ASSUMING 135 FORMAT (DEGREE)                                                        
PLTSCALE=                ppp.p / PLATE SCALE (ARCSEC/MM)                                                                          
EMULSION= 'eee...ee'           / TYPE OF EMULSION                                                                                 
ISO     = 'aaaa/dd '           / ISO (ASA/DIN)                                                                                    
HYPERED = 'hhh...hh'           / HYPERSENSITIZATION TREATMENT                                                                     
TEMP-HYP=                   tt / HYPERSENSITIZATION TEMPERATURE (CELSIUS)                                                         
TIME-HYP=                ttt.t / HYPERSENSITIZATION TIME (HOUR)                                                                   
TEMPEMUL=                   tt / COLD CAMERA TEMPERATURE (CELSIUS)                                                                
DEVELOPR= 'ddd...dd'           / DEVELOPER USED                                                                                   
TEMP-DEV=                   tt / DEVELOPING TEMPERATURE (CELSIUS)                                                                 
TIME-DEV=                  ttt / DEVELOPING TIME (SECOND)                                                                         
GUIDING = 'ggg...gg'           / GUIDING METHOD                                                                                   
EXPOSURE=                 eeee / EXPOSURE TIME (SECOND)                                                                           
IM-ID   = 'iii     '           / IMAGE IDENTIFICATION NO.                                                                         
IM-TYPE = 'iii...ii'           / TYPE OF IMAGE ON FILE                                                                            
ORIGIN  = 'JET PROPULSION LAB' / TAPE WRITING INSTITUTION                                                                         
COMMENT ccc...cc                                                                                                                  
    :                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                  
END                                                                                                                               
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IV.  LIST OF OBSERVERS AND OBSERVING SITES                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                  
          Listed in Table VII are the observers and their observing sites as                                                      
supplied to the IHW.  The number preceding the site coordinates corresponds to                                                    
the Site column in the data listings.  In some cases the geographic coordinates                                                   
were estimated by the Discipline Specialist.  Occasionally different sites                                                        
received the same coordinates because specific coordinates could not be found.                                                    
Following the coordinates and altitude [m] is the Discipline Specialist's sub-                                                    
jective estimate of the precision of the coordinates.  Especially large values                                                    
indicate that the estimate was made with an available map or atlas which may not                                                  
have shown the place named by the observer.  The country code is explained in a                                                   
separate appendix.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Table VII.  Observers and observing sites                                                                                         
________________________________________________________________________________                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Observer               Site  Longitude   Latitude   Altitude  Estimated  Country                                                  
                        No.                            [m]     Accuracy    Code                                                   
________________________________________________________________________________                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Adamoli, G.              1   010/00/00  +45/00/00               5 deg        7                                                    
                         2   012/00/00  +45/30/00               1 deg        7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Aerts, L.                1   004/44/00  +51/00/00       15     1 arcmin     29                                                    
                         4   004/44/00  +51/08/00       25     1 arcmin     29                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Aleynikov, A.            observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Arbour, R.               1   001/14/49  +51/07/13      122    0.1 arcsec    15                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Bohme, D.                1   012/01/15  +51/09/05      169     1 arcsec     23                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Bortle, J.E.             1   286/15/42  +41/34/18      122    0.1 arcmin    16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Bottger, B.              1   008/26/24  +48/59/24      116     0.01 deg     25                                                    
                         2   008/28/12  +48/51/00      400     0.01 deg     25                                                    
                         3   008/31/58  +48/51/20      406     1 arcsec     25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Bouma, R.J.              2   006/39/12  +53/18/36        0    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                         4   006/01/24  +43/58/30      735    0.1 arcmin     4                                                    
                         5   006/00/00  +53/00/00               1 deg       46                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Bus, E.P.                2   006/39/12  +53/18/36        0    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                         4   006/01/24  +43/58/30      735    0.1 arcmin     4                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Campos, J.A.S.           2   031/06/20  -29/37/30      119     1 arcsec     13                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Cardiel, N.              1   357/04/00  +40/45/00     1005     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                         2   355/52/15  +40/17/12      575     1 arcsec     14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Castino, R.              1   007/12/10  +44/57/04      627     1 arcsec      7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Cavagna, M.              2   009/11/36  +45/49/30      854    0.1 arcmin     7                                                    
                         5   007/20/00  +46/10/00     1800      1 deg        7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Chernis, K.              observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Clark, M.                1   116/04/20  -32/07/18      274     1 arcsec     26                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Cluyse, L.               1   003/25/30  +50/58/06       14    0.1 arcmin    29                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Comello, G.              3   006/24/30  +53/08/24        5    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                         4   006/01/18  +43/58/48      728    0.1 arcmin     4                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Conte, G.                observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
DeYoung, J.              1   282/53/32  +38/44/32        9    0.1 arcsec    16                                                    
                         3   282/56/01  +38/55/17       93    0.01 arcsec   16                                                    
                         4   281/45/32  +37/58/01      151    0.1 arcsec    16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Dietrich, M.             1   010/02/54  +51/15/12      380    0.1 arcmin    23                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Dilsizian, R.            1   286/13/06  +41/23/59      296     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Edberg, S.               4   242/19/12  +34/22/54     2287     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                        12   243/30/00  +32/49/00     1372     1 arcmin     16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Fabre, R.                1   202/04/12  +21/37/00        3     1 arcmin     76                                                    
                         3   204/32/00  +19/50/00              1 arcmin     76                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Fabrizio, M.             1   011/56/00  +44/33/00        6     1 arcmin      7                                                    
                         2   011/45/00  +44/03/00      681     1 arcmin      7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Feijth, H.               1   005/48/48  +53/10/54        0    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                         2   006/01/24  +43/58/30      735    0.1 arcmin     4                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Ferrin, I.               2   288/52/37  +08/37/35     1880     1 arcsec     17                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Gallego, J.              1   357/04/00  +40/45/00     1005     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                         2   356/07/00  +40/15/00               2 deg       14                                                    
                         3   355/52/15  +40/17/12      575     1 arcsec     14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Genebriera, J.           2   354/30/00  +41/41/00     1060     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Glassett, W.             1   243/38/42  +33/54/00      322     1 arcmin     16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Glowinski, C.            1   008/16/00  +50/00/00      100      1 deg       25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Gomez, A.                1   357/04/00  +40/45/00     1005     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Gomez, T.L.              1   357/04/00  +40/45/00     1005     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                         2   359/30/00  +39/26/00               1 deg       14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Gozzoli, E.              1   011/00/00  +44/30/00      120      1 deg        7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Green, D.W.E.            observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Guryanov, S.             observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Guthier, O.              1   008/03/24  +49/57/48      250    0.1 arcmin    25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Hale, A.                 1   242/11/48  +34/22/18     2408    0.1 arcmin    16                                                    
                         2   242/00/30  +34/16/54     1525    0.1 arcmin    16                                                    
                         5   240/58/49  +34/48/03     1615     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                         8   240/52/42  +34/42/12     1750     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                         9   242/18/30  +34/22/48     2290    0.1 arcmin    16                                                    
                        11   243/30/24  +32/49/18     1370    0.1 arcmin    16                                                    
                        16   243/15/42  +34/13/06     2225    0.1 arcmin    16                                                    
                        29   249/21/36  +32/15/18      800    0.1 arcmin    16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Hasubick, W.             1   010/44/00  +48/02/00      620     1 arcmin     25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Haver, R.                2   012/03/36  +42/16/48      340     0.01 deg      7                                                    
                         3   012/04/12  +42/04/12      300     0.01 deg      7                                                    
                         4   013/12/36  +41/57/36     1845     0.01 deg      7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Hayashi, A.              observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Izquierdo, J.            1   357/04/00  +40/45/00     1005     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Jones, A.                1   173/14/04  -41/19/07       15     1 arcsec     48                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Kammerer, A.             1   008/21/12  +49/00/06      115    0.1 arcmin    25                                                    
                         2   008/29/00  +48/51/24      400    0.1 arcmin    25                                                    
                         4   008/20/00  +48/08/00      900     1 arcmin     25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Keitch, G.S.             1   357/14/30  +51/21/48       21    0.1 arcmin    15                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Knight, S.               1   289/18/27  +44/12/10      191     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Knyazyuk, N.             observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Koch, B.O.               1   010/44/00  +48/02/00      620     1 arcmin     25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Koch, V.                 1   010/44/00  +48/02/00      620     1 arcmin     25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Korth, S.                1   006/50/54  +51/11/36       45    0.1 arcmin    25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Kourimsky, M.            2   015/36/00  +50/42/00      725     1 arcmin     35                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Kuipers, G.              1   006/23/42  +53/13/42        2    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Lieder, F.               1   011/49/00  +50/47/00      325     1 arcmin     23                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Linder, J.               1   008/15/56  +48/56/00      110     1 arcsec     25                                                    
                         3   008/31/58  +48/51/20      406     1 arcsec     25                                                    
                         4   008/30/59  +48/47/37      720     1 arcsec     25                                                    
                         5   008/27/04  +48/49/21      622     1 arcsec     25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Lipski, P.               1   013/48/25  +51/02/45      120    0.1 arcsec    23                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Luga, M.                 1   015/19/55  +51/37/05      120    0.5 arcmin    11                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Machholz, D.             1   238/06/00  +37/04/00     1024     0.1 deg      16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Maraziti, A.             1   017/00/00  +38/54/00        0     0.1 deg       7                                                    
                         2   016/36/00  +38/54/00      350     0.1 deg       7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Maydik, A.               observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Meozzi, D.               1   012/18/50  +42/09/20      250     1 arcsec      7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Merlin, J.C.             2   004/23/40  +46/49/20      455     1 arcsec      4                                                    
                         3   006/55/36  +43/44/54     1270    0.1 arcmin     4                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Mikuz, H.                1   014/04/33  +45/56/44      730     1 arcsec     35                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Milani, G.A.             1   011/50/00  +45/25/00       30     1 arcmin      7                                                    
                         3   011/40/00  +45/50/00      600     1 arcmin      7                                                    
                         4   011/30/00  +45/52/00     1300     1 arcmin      7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Moeller, M.              1   010/43/46  +53/51/38       22     1 arcsec     25                                                    
                         2   010/50/18  +53/59/06        8     1 arcsec     25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Mormil, V.               observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Morris, C.S.             1   242/19/12  +34/22/54     2287     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                         2   243/13/00  +34/15/00     2286     2 arcmin     16                                                    
                         3   240/54/34  +34/44/50     1631     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                         4   249/16/06  +32/25/00     2545     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                         5   249/14/00  +31/57/00     1036     1 arcmin     16                                                    
                         6   242/00/30  +34/16/40     1524     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                         7   241/17/03  +34/34/28     1006     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                         8   242/24/00  +34/24/00     2408     1 arcmin     16                                                    
                         9   241/42/10  +34/16/25      488     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                        10   241/45/00  +34/17/24      524     1 arcmin     16                                                    
                        11   242/03/00  +34/21/00     2134     1 arcmin     16                                                    
                        12   243/30/00  +32/49/00     1372     1 arcmin     16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Morrison, W.             2   281/33/48  +44/13/54      240    0.1 arcmin    21                                                    
                         3   281/36/00  +44/12/54      200    0.1 arcmin    21                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Nassr, J.                1   120/34/00  +16/24/39     1507     1 arcsec     50                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Nesterov, Yu.            observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Nolle, M.                1   010/09/00  +48/26/00      560     1 arcmin     25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
O'Meara, S.J.            4   287/28/30  +42/21/57      110    0.1 arcmin    16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Paradowski, M.           2   022/56/12  +51/22/16      171     1 arcsec     11                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Parisio, R.              2   009/29/16  +45/44/15     1800      2 deg        7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Pearce, A.               observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Pedraz, S.               1   355/52/00  +40/38/00              0.5 deg      14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Poitevin, P.             1   005/09/06  +50/56/36       50    0.1 arcmin    29                                                    
                         4   005/31/00  +51/12/00       50     1 arcmin     29                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Portela, A.              1   357/04/00  +40/45/00     1005     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Remo, S.                 1   009/18/52  +45/41/27      343     1 arcsec      7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Ridley, H.B.             1   357/15/42  +50/55/21       59     1 arcsec     15                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Ripero, J.               1   357/04/00  +40/45/00     1005     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Rodriguez, D.            1   357/04/00  +40/45/00     1005     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Rossi, L.                1   013/07/00  +43/26/42      505    0.1 arcmin     7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Sabia, J.D.              1   284/19/56  +41/35/47      399     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                         2   287/28/50  +43/16/41      393    0.1 arcsec    16                                                    
                         3   284/19/50  +41/30/44      439     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Sanford, J.              1   243/16/46  +33/29/02     1329     1 arcsec     16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Sanz, A.                 1   357/04/00  +40/45/00     1005     1 arcmin     14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Schambeck, C.            1   011/07/05  +48/12/03      540    0.01 arcmin   25                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Scholten, A.             1   006/03/30  +52/06/54       17    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                         2   006/07/18  +52/11/54        7    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Seargent, D.             1   151/29/37  -33/21/02       30    0.1 arcsec    26                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Serov, V.                observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Shirokov, A.             observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Sicoli, P.               1   009/14/27  +45/47/32      271     1 arcsec      7                                                    
                         2   009/13/37  +45/52/55     1182     1 arcsec      7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Solodkin, V.             observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Spratt, C.E.             1   236/49/12  +48/15/00        9     0.01 deg     21                                                    
                         2   236/46/48  +48/18/00        9     0.01 deg     21                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Stomeo, E.               2   012/24/00  +45/24/00        3     0.1 deg       7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Sventitskiy, V.          observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
Tregaskis, T.B.          1   145/06/26  -38/11/06      110     1 arcsec     26                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Troiani, D.M.            1   271/00/00  +42/30/00      299      1 deg       16                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Underhay, E.             observing site unknown                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                  
van de Weg, R.L.W.       1   006/45/36  +52/17/42       15    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                         5   013/58/18  +46/40/36      511    0.1 arcmin    28                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
van der Laan, T.A.       1   007/12/06  +53/04/48        2    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
van Loo, F.R.            1   004/42/48  +51/06/24       10    0.1 arcmin    29                                                    
                         3   006/01/24  +43/58/30      735    0.1 arcmin     4                                                    
                         4   005/50/00  +44/06/00     1700     0.1 deg       4                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Velasco, P.              1   356/15/00  +40/20/00               1 deg       14                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Ventura, F.              1   014/25/44  +35/54/21       85     1 arcsec     44                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Villa, M.                1   011/56/00  +44/33/00        6     1 arcmin      7                                                    
                         2   011/45/00  +44/03/00      681     1 arcmin      7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Zanotta, M.              1   009/00/00  +46/00/00               2 deg        7                                                    
                         2   006/45/00  +45/59/00      700     1 arcmin      7                                                    
                         3   006/48/00  +45/59/00     1322     1 arcmin      7                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Zanstra, W.T.            1   006/52/54  +53/19/24        0    0.1 arcmin    46                                                    
                         3   007/23/00  +47/14/00     1306    0.1 arcmin    18                                                    
                                                                                                                                  
Zische, E.               1   014/25/20  +51/06/56      330     1 arcsec     23                                                    
                         2   014/25/57  +51/02/34      335     1 arcsec     23                                                    
                         3   014/27/00  +51/11/00               3 deg       23                                                    
________________________________________________________________________________                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
          D.W.E. Green, and J.E. Bortle were very helpful in supplying advice                                                     
and information on many aspects of cometary magnitude estimates and the visual                                                    
appearance.  R.H. Stanton made photoelectric checks on several AAVSO comparison                                                   
star fields.  J.A. Morgan, A. Hale, R. Moore, M. Morrow, J.D. Sabia, J. Sanford,                                                  
C. Spratt, D. Seargent, E.P. Bus, M. Muciek, J. Hollan, A. Milani, J. Campos,                                                     
K. Churyumov, G. Keitch, H. Ridley, G. Sule, J. Rendtel, and many other obser-                                                    
vers served as collection points and forwarded much of the data to the Lead                                                       
Center.  M. Geller and R.M. West provided good advice and encouragement.  With-                                                   
out M. Aronsson's programming and patience the presentation of these data would                                                   
not have been possible.                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
REFERENCES                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                  
Becvar, A. (1958).  Atlas Eclipticalis 1950.0 (Czech. Acad. Sci., Prague), 32                                                     
        charts.                                                                                                                   
Bird, T. and Bowen, A.V. (1979).  Telescope Making, No. 3, p. 14.                                                                 
Blanco, V.M., Demers, S., Douglass, G.G., and Fitzgerald, M.P. (1968). "Photo-                                                    
        electric Catalog:  Magnitudes and Colors of Stars in the U, B, V and Uc,                                                  
        B, V Systems," Publ. U.S. Naval Obs., 2nd Ser., Vol. XXI (U.S. GPO,                                                       
        Washington, D.C.).                                                                                                        
Edberg, S.J. (1983).  The International Halley Watch Amateur Observers' Manual                                                    
        for Scientific Comet Studies, JPL Publ. 83-16 (Jet Propulsion Labora-                                                     
        tory, Pasadena).                                                                                                          
Everhart, E. (1984).  Sky Telesc. 67, 28.                                                                                         
Hirshfeld, A. and Sinnott, R.W. (1982).  Sky Catalog 2000.0, Vol. 1: Stars to                                                     
        Magnitude 8.05 (Sky Publ. Corp., Cambridge, MA, and Cambridge Univ.,                                                      
        Cambridge U.K.), 604 pp.                                                                                                  
Jones, R.T. (1957).  Sky Telesc. 16, 548.                                                                                         
Lampkin, R.H. (1972).  Naked Eye Stars (Gall & Inglis, Edinburgh).                                                                
Mikhaylov, A.A. (1975).  Stellar Atlas (Nauka, Moscow).                                                                           
Scovil, C.E. (1980).  The AAVSO Variable Star Atlas (Sky Publ. Corp., Cambridge,                                                  
        MA), 178 charts.                                                                                                          
S.A.O. Staff (1966).  Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog (Smith-                                                  
        sonian Inst., Washington, D.C.).                                                                                          
Tirion, W. (1981).  B.A.A. Star Charts 1950.0 (British Astron. Assoc., London),                                                   
        5 charts.